AP Biology Behavior
Study Guide – Ch 51
One of the temptations that I
think we make is to fall into the belief that conscious behavior is involved in
much of this. Keep in mind that behavior is in large part unconsciously
determined, and is ultimately determined by weeding out maladaptive behaviors…
So here’s what I’d like you
to know!
What the proximate and
ultimate sources of behavior are.
How genes as well as
environment can influence behavior (including specific examples).
What innate behavior is and what
“developmentally fixed” means.
How innate behavior evolves.
What a fixed action pattern
is (also be able to give examples), and why they are valuable to animals.
How can FAPs
be a downfall for animals (read about mayflies and roads).
What are some human FAPs?
Be able to relate songbirds to several aspects in the chapter including:
multi-song behavior and mate selection; learning vs
maturation; imprinting and sensitive periods; song behavior and territoriality
Know what optimal foraging
theory is and examples. Also be able to relate this back to the lab.
What is learning? Be able to
talk about the Vervet monkey example. How is learning
different from maturation. How does social interaction and habituation play a
role in learning?
What is imprinting. Be able
to recognize imprinting at different times or on parents as well as the young.
What is associative learning?
What are the two types? Which is of more value to a dog trainer? Why?
What are the two hypotheses
for the origin of play?
What is cognition?
What are kinesis and taxis?
How do these relate to tropisms (discussed before)?
What are some examples of how
animals figure out how to migrate or move through space? What challenges does a
migrating animal face in correctly orienting itself?
Be able to explain how
natural selection explains behaviors like competition within species,
territoriality, aggression, courtship, or cooperation.
Continuing
the above…Why waste energy on a complex mating dance or caring for your
sister’s kids?
Why is unlikely for animals
to “fight to the death”? When might they do this?
Why is there reconciliation behavior in very social species (but not in
non-social species)?
What is the pecking order?
How is it useful to a population?
How does parental investment
or certainty of paternity affect mate selection and child care.
What are monogamy, polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry? Under what circumstances is each
chosen?
What is a signal in
behavioral terms?
What are pheremones?
What effects do they have?
How do bees communicate?
What is altruism? Why is it
practiced? Be able to give examples.
What is inclusive fitness?