Respiration/Photosynthesis study guide

This is not all inclusive, but should give an idea of what will be stressed on the test next week.

Photosynthesis: Ch 8

What are the first and second laws of thermodynamics? What is their ecological importance? Think back about the food chain I described on the board…

What is ATP? Where is the energy in the molecule? More generally, how does matter “contain” energy?

When ATP is used what happens to it? Be able to discuss ATP using the “Rechargeable Battery analogy”.

Be able to recognize the molecule ATP from its formula

What is the chemical formula of Photosynthesis?

2 main processes: light dependent reactions and Calvin cycle

Takes place in the chloroplast

Light dependent reactions:

            -makes ATP and NADPH (both used in Calvin cycle)

            -splits water, which makes O₂ – Why is this important?

Calvin cycle:

            -uses ATP and NADPH from light reactions

-takes up CO2, creates glucose

Know what the glucose produced is used for: cellulose and its uses, starch and its uses.

Know what chlorophyll is and does.

Be able to step through the solar cell/pump/dam analogy. Said another way, how does an ETC system generate chemical energy?

Respiration: Ch 9

What is the chemical formula?

Takes place in the mitochondria

3 main processes: Glycolysis, Krebs, and Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis-splits sugar into two pyruvate molecules. Also generates 2 ATP

Krebs Cycle – converts pyruvate to NADH (like NADPH of photosynthesis), releases CO₂

Electron Transport Chain – Requires O₂ to work. Generates lots (34 of ATP)

- works similarly to a hydroelectric dam (concentration gradient causes ATP production….)

What happens when no oxygen is present? How is this of commercial interest (beer, wine, breads, etc); how is it of personal interest (cramps after workouts, etc)?

What can you do to minimize the cramps after a workout? How does this relate back to what is happening in the muscle cells?

What is a facultative anaerobe? An obligate anaerobe?

How much ATP is generated overall? How much from each part of respiration?

Would you expect to find more energy in carbs, fats or protein per gram? Why? Be able to explain your answer.

What is creatine phosphate? What does it do? What are the risks?