Gen Biology

Cells Study Guide – (Ch 7)

 

Be able to identify cell organelle structure and function, including:

Ribosomes, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, Vacuoles, Centrioles, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vesicles, Nucleus, nucleoid region, Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Flagella, Cillia, Cell Wall, Pili, Capsule, Cytoskeleton, etc.

For all of these you should be able to distinguish between animal, plant and prokaryotic cells (which possess which structures).

Be able to trace the path of a protein through its production in the different organelles. I mean the idea of nucleus->mRNA->Ribosome, etc

You should know what the fluid mosaic model is and be able to describe the cell membrane components. What can travel through a phospholipid bilayer? What can’t?

 

Important processes:

You should be able to distinguish and compare simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport and endo/exocytosis. How are these processes similar to one another? How do they differ? When would one be more appropriate than another?

You should understand the effects of solute concentrations on cells. For example what happens when a cell is placed in distilled water verses in salty water? How is this different for different cell types?

 

Other Stuff:

By now you should be familiar with the “rechargeable battery” analogy of ATP and ADP.

You should be familiar with limitations on cell size as well as knowing the approximate size ranges of the three domains. Be familiar with the “pizza guy” and "Interstate vs streets" analogy for transport and how shape is important to cell area. Be able to discuss surface area and how those measurements relate to cell size.

What advantages are there to being a multicellular organism?

In multicellular organisms, why don't all of the cells look the same? How are they different? They do have the same DNA by the way.

How are cells organized in organisms? What are the main categories of tissues?