Gen Bio Evolution Study Guide

Ch 15 and 16

Things you should know about that  (E) word…

-          the differences between absolute and relative dates, and the ways in which we can measure them

-          how radioactive dating is used as a tool for determining ages of materials

-          beliefs prior to Darwin’s regarding organisms and where they came from

-          the various people and observations that led Darwin to his theory of natural selection (Lyell, Lamarck, Malthus).

-          the different sources of evidence that support evolution (fossils, biogeography, anatomy, etc.)

-          the differences between natural and artificial selection (be able to give examples)

-          how we can observe natural selection at work

-          what a population is, and why it is important in the study of evolution

-          what the modern synthesis is

-          how terms like gene pool, isolation, microevolution, and species are related

-          why variation is important to a population. Why extinction is more likely for small populations. How chance is related to extinction and survival (think about the board game you played).

-          the concept of Genetic (Hardy Weinberg) equilibrium Does it exist in nature? Why or why not?

-          the violations of HW equilibrium, and be able to give examples of each

-          the importance of mutation, and the importance of natural selection to the process of evolution

-          how “success” in evolution is measured (is it really the number who survive?)

-          the types of natural selection and their outcomes (directional, stabilizing, disruptive)

-          why there’s no such thing as a perfect organism in natural selection (I gave several examples here)

-          how natural selection and evolution can be a problem to humanity (think about pests)

-          how to define a species, what the different concepts are, and the limitations to each definition

-          the concept of reproductive isolation and the mechanisms/barriers that maintain isolation

-          the differences in concepts between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium as models of evolution as well as the evidence for each

-          how/why the Galapagos islands served as an excellent model of speciation and natural selection

-          how microevolution, speciation, and macroevolution are inter-related

-          the concept of mass extinctions and their role in evolution